Fig. 1.

Prevalence of PD aged ≥45 years by age group and sex: a Females. b Males. HAAS Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, REP Rochester Epidemiology Project, CPDR-PP California Parkinson’s disease Registry-Pilot Project, KPNC Kaiser Permanente Northern California Integrated Health Care System. In each row, the squares or diamonds are centered on the point estimate of the prevalence and whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals. Point estimates for HAAS are indicated by circles instead of squares because the meta-estimates exclude the HAAS study due to methodologic differences between this and the other studies