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. 2018 Jul 10;8:10378. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28723-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Endothelial microcirculatory function. Effect of (a) acetylcholine and (b) sodium nitroprusside iontophoresis after sham-vaping (open circle), nicotine free vaping (open square) and nicotine vaping (closed triangle). Effect of skin pretreatment by saline (continuous line) and L-N-arginine-methyl-ester (dotted line) iontophoresis on skin hyperemic response to local heating (c) after sham vaping, nicotine free vaping and nicotine vaping. Nicotine vaping decreased acetylcholine mediated vasodilation in comparison to sham-vaping (p < 0.0001) and vaping without nicotine (p < 0.0001). Sodium nitroprusside induced vasodilation was not affected by any of the three experimental sessions (ANOVA session effect; p > 0.8). Vasodilation induced by heat in presence of saline or L-N-arginine-methyl-ester were not affected by vaping with and without nicotine and sham-vaping (ANOVA session effect; p > 0.1). BSL indicates baseline; Scan 1 → 10 denotes the time from the first scan to the last scan (150 s per scan).