Table 1.
Comparisons of baseline characteristics between survivors and non-survivors.
| Variables | Overall (n = 8584) | Survivors (n = 6706) | Non-survivors (n = 1878) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.9 ± 16.0 | 64.9 ± 16.3 | 69.4 ± 14.3 | <0.001 |
| Male [n (%)] | 3878 (45.1) | 3064 (45.6) | 814 (43.3) | 0.071 |
| Weight (kg) | 82.1 ± 26.0 | 82.7 ± 26.3 | 80.0 ± 24.8 | <0.001 |
| Emergency [n (%)] | 7811 (90.9) | 5998 (89.4) | 1813 (96.5) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White [n (%)] | 6150 (71.6) | 4843 (72.0) | 1307 (69.5) | 0.026 |
| Black [n (%)] | 662 (7.7) | 546 (8.1) | 116 (6.1) | 0.005 |
| Asian [n (%)] | 201 (2.3) | 159 (2.4) | 42 (2.2) | 0.773 |
| ICU types | ||||
| MICU [n (%)] | 4075 (48.6) | 3030 (45.0) | 1045 (55.6) | <0.001 |
| SICU [n (%)] | 998 (11.6) | 883 (13.1) | 115 (6.1) | <0.001 |
| CCU [n (%)] | 1147 (13.3) | 865(12.8) | 282 (15.0) | 0.017 |
| Infection sites | ||||
| Respiratory [n (%)] | 5117 (59.6) | 3858 (57.5) | 1259 (67.0) | <0.001 |
| Urinary [n (%)] | 2780 (32.3) | 2326 (34.7) | 454 (24.1) | <0.001 |
| Bloodstream [n (%)] | 3038 (35.4) | 2076 (30.8) | 962 (51.2) | <0.001 |
| Abdominal [n (%)] | 1113 (12.9) | 877 (13.0) | 236 (12.5) | 0.560 |
| Intracranial [n (%)] | 607 (7.1) | 501 (7.6) | 106 (5.6) | 0.006 |
| Laboratory indexes | ||||
| Maximum serum creatinine | 2.19 ± 2.19 | 2.03 ± 2.21 | 2.76 ± 2.03 | <0.001 |
| Minimum serum haemoglobin | 8.56 ± 1.72 | 8.63 ± 1.70 | 8.31 ± 1.76 | <0.001 |
| Maximum serum lactate | 3.40 ± 3.17 | 2.90 ± 2.35 | 4.95 ± 4.58 | <0.001 |
| Maximum serum sodium | 144.4 ± 5.2 | 144.2 ± 4.9 | 145.1 ± 6.1 | 0.001 |
| Maximum white blood cell count | 20.9 ± 12.5 | 20.3 ± 14.1 | 23.3 ± 15.3 | <0.001 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| SOFA at ICU admission [median (IQR)] | 5 (4–8) | 5 (3–7) | 6 (4–9) | <0.001 |
| Fluid balance (ml/kg/48hr) | 40.5 ± 56.7 | 34.9 ± 53.4 | 60.2 ± 63.2 | <0.001 |
| Fluid balance (ml/kg/first-24hr) | 28.3 ± 40.6 | 26.1 ± 39.3 | 36.3 ± 44.1 | <0.001 |
| Fluid balance (ml/kg/second-24hr) | 12.1 ± 28.3 | 8.8 ± 26.3 | 23.9 ± 31.8 | <0.001 |
| Fluid intake (ml/kg/48 hr) | 93.91 ± 58.2 | 91.3 ± 55.6 | 103.5 ± 64.7 | <0.001 |
| Intravenous fluid intake (ml/kg/48 hr) | 84.8 ± 58.6 | 81.8 ± 56.3 | 95.6 ± 64.7 | <0.001 |
| Output (ml/kg/48 hr) | 53.5 ± 35.0 | 56.3 ± 34.9 | 43.3 ± 33.7 | <0.001 |
| Urine output (ml/kg/48 hr) | 43.1 ± 30.2 | 45.9 ± 30.2 | 32.9 ± 28.1 | <0.001 |
| Haemodialysis | 969 (11.2) | 638 (9.5) | 331 (17.6) | <0.001 |
| Vasopressor-use | 2513 (29.2) | 1846 (27.5) | 667 (35.5) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: MICU, medical intensive care unit; SICU, surgical intensive care unit; CCU, coronary care unit; SOFA sequential organ failure assessment; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range.