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. 2018 Jul 4;9:1541. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01541

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Copyright © 2018 Nguyen, Liu, Su, Hsu, Foster and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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MicroRNA (miRNA) processing and function. MiRNA is first transcribed as long hairpin primary RNA (pri-miRNA) by RNA polymerase II and cleaved into hairpin precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) by the complex Drosha-DGCR8 in nucleus. This pre-miRNA then is exported to the cytoplasm by exportin-5 protein and cleaved to two strands by endoribonuclease Dicer, one strand becomes a mature miRNA and silence target mRNAs through mRNA degradation or translation repression and the other is degraded.