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. 2018 Jul 4;9:1539. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01539

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Copyright © 2018 Gehring, Seeholzer and Krappmann.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Assembly mechanism of the higher-order CBM-1 complex. Upon antigen receptor ligation on lymphocytes, CARD11 is released from its inactive state by phosphorylation and initial homotypic CARD–CARD oligomerization. CARD11 clusters at the cell membrane, induce the recruitment of pre-assembled BCL10-MALT1 complexes, and serve as a molecular seed for the formation of BCL10 filaments. BCL10–MALT1 filaments provoke NF-κB and JNK activation. In parallel, MALT1 protease is activated, which catalyzes cleavage of various cellular substrates. Abbreviations: CARD, caspase-recruitment domain; CC, coiled-coil; MAGUK, membrane-associated guanylate kinase; S/T, Ser/Thr-rich region; DD, death domain; Ig, immunoglobulin-like domain; Para, paracaspase domain; BCL10, B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10; MALT, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.