Table 2.

Refractive and visual outcomes, presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), of PK, DALK and DMEK patients. Results of the ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey pair-wise analysis are shown. Any p-value < 0.05 denotes statistical significance.

	Procedure			ANOVA		Tukey pair-wise analysis
	PK	DALK	DMEK	F	p	Pairs	p
DCVAa (logMAR)	0.05 ± 0.06	0.12 ± 0.12	0.04 ± 0.05	2.993	0.061
Sphere (D)	1.06 ± 1.60	−0.64 ± 1.70	0.66 ± 1.09	3.682	0.033	PK-DMEK	0.675
						PK-DALK	0.025
						DMEK-DALK	0.121
Cylinder (D)	−2.85 ± 2.05	−2.28 ± 0.82	−0.76 ± 0.70	9.129	<0.001	PK-DMEK	<0.001
						PK-DALK	0.671
						DMEK-DALK	0.079
CSb 3 cpdc (log CS)	1.38 ± 0.23	1.44 ± 0.23	1.47 ± 0.17	0.984	0.382
CS 6 cpd (log CS)	1.54 ± 0.25	1.50 ± 0.23	1.66 ± 0.24	1.686	0.197
CS 12 cpd (log CS)	1.09 ± 0.36	0.90 ± 0.32	1.33 ± 0.24	5.570	0.007	PK-DMEK	0.051
						PK-DALK	0.354
						DMEK-DALK	0.010
CS 18 cpd (log CS)	0.65 ± 0.30	0.30 ± 0.25	0.89 ± 0.25	11.541	<0.001	PK-DMEK	0.023
						PK-DALK	0.019
						DMEK-DALK	<0.001

^aDCVA: distance corrected monocular visual acuity.

^bCS: contrast sensitivity.

^ccpd: cycles per degree.