Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of the sample
| HC (n = 34) | AD (n = 27) | bvFTD (n = 31) | svPPA (n = 21) | nfPPA (n = 14) | Group differences∗ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Sex, male:female | 15:19 | 11:16 | 29:2 | 12:9 | 6:8 | bvFTD > (AD, svPPA, nfPPA, HC)† |
| Age, years | 68 ± 6 | 71 ± 10 | 64 ± 8 | 67 ± 9 | 68 ± 11 | bvFTD < AD |
| Education, years | 12 ± 1 | 11 ± 1 | 11 ± 2 | 12 ± 2 | 11 ± 1 | ND |
| Disease severity scores | ||||||
| Disease duration, months | NA | 25 ± 24 | 28 ± 18 | 34 ± 23 | 24 ± 10 | ND |
| CSF Aβ, pg/mL | NA | 418 ± 157 | 929 ± 465 | 855 ± 422 | 1066 ± 394 | AD < (bvFTD, svPPA, nfPPA) |
| CSF total tau, pg/mL | NA | 732 ± 266 | 360 ± 190 | 567 ± 304 | 482 ± 394 | AD > bvFTD |
| MMSE, max. 30 | 29 ± 1 | 23 ± 3 | 25 ± 4 | 22 ± 5 | 24 ± 5 | HC > (bvFTD, AD, nfPPA, svPPA), bvFTD > svPPA |
| FAB-D, max. 18 | 17 ± 1 | 13 ± 2 | 12 ± 4 | 11 ± 3 | 10 ± 4 | HC > (bvFTD, AD, nfPPA, svPPA) AD > nfPPA |
| Neuropsychological background tests | ||||||
| Aphasia screening LAST, max. 15 | 15 ± 0 | 14 ± 1 | 15 ± 1 | 12 ± 2 | 12 ± 2 | HC > (AD, nfPPA, svPPA) (AD, bvfTD) > (svPPA, nfPPA) |
| Visuospatial screening VOSP 7, max. 10 | 9 ± 1 | 8 ± 2 | 9 ± 1 | 8 ± 3 | 7 ± 2 | ND |
| Mini-SEA-Emotion Recognition, max. 15 | 11.9 ± 1.1 | 11.2 ± 2 | 9.3 ± 2.6 | 8.8 ± 2.5 | 8.5 ± 2.3 | HC > (bvFTD, svPPA, nfPPA) AD > (bvFTD, svPPA, nfPPA) |
| Frontal Behavioral Inventory, max. 72 | NA | 9 ± 7 | 27 ± 10 | 18 ± 14 | 13 ± 8 | (AD, nfPPA) < bvFTD |
Abbreviations: HC, healthy controls; AD, Alzheimer's disease; bvFTD, behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia; svPPA, semantic variant of primary-progressive aphasia; nfPPA, nonfluent primary-progressive aphasia; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; Aβ, amyloid β; tau, tau protein; MMSE, Mini–Mental State Examination; ND, no differences; NA, not available; FAB-D, Frontal Assessment Battery; LAST, Language Aphasia Screening Test; VOSP, Visual Object and Space Perception Battery; Mini-SEA, Mini Social Cognition and Emotional Assessment.
NOTE. Results are expressed as mean ± SD.
Significant differences (P < .05) between groups by statistical tests (i.e., analysis of variance if not otherwise specified) in post hoc comparisons (Games-Howell Tests).
χ2(4) = 23.306, P < .05.