Figure 13.

Entamoeba histolytica-induced NET formation is independent on Syk, TAK1, β2 integrins, PI3K, and p38 MAPK. Human neutrophils were left untreated (—), stimulated with 20 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), or with E. histolytica trophozoites. PMN were previously treated with solvent alone (—) or 1 μM iSyk, a Syk inhibitor, or 10 μg/ml of the blocking monoclonal antibody anti-β2 integrins (IB4), or 10 nM LLZ 1640-2 (LLZ), a TAK1 inhibitor, or 50 nM Wortmannin (Wort), a PI3K inhibitor, or 200 nM SB203580 (SB), a p38 MAPK inhibitor. The relative amount of NETs was estimated from SYTOX® Green fluorescence in relative fluorescent units (RFU) at 4 h after stimulation. Data are mean ± SEM of three experiments. Asterisk denotes a condition that was statistically different from control (p < 0.05).