Fig. 1.

(A) Experimental setup. (B) Experts performed their own part based on a standard musical notation (upper row). For half of the duets experts received the full musical score including the novice’s part (lower row). (C) Novices performed their part based on a simple custom notation that was read line by line from top to bottom. Each picture corresponded to one beat and showed one of two hand positions (color-coded with yellow and blue) and the finger to be used to press one of the piano keys (green). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)