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. 2018 Jun 26;6(6):e141. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.9487

Table 2.

Between-group differences in outcomes.

Outcome Adjusted mean at baseline Control versus YWDa, mean difference (95% CI) P valueb


2 months 7 months 12 months
HbA1cc, mmol/mol 78.9 –2.8 (–5.4 to –0.3) –6.2 (–9.5 to –2.9) –4.3 (–8.0 to 0.7) 0.02
HbA1cc, % 9.4 –0.3 (–0.5 to 0.0) –0.6 (–0.9 to –0.3) –0.4 (–0.7 to 0.1) 0.02
PCDd scoree 28.18 0.27 (–1.50 to 2.03) –0.53 (–2.55 to 1.50) –0.79 (–2.56 to 0.98) 0.39
PAIDf scoree 23.68 –2.64 (–6.17 to 0.88) 0.96 (–3.00 to 4.91) –3.14 (–7.22 to 0.95) 0.13
HCCQg scoree 27.10 –0.05 (–2.44 to 2.35) 0.04 (–2.52 to 2.61) –0.73 (–2.98 to 1.52) 0.53

aYWD: Young with Diabetes.

bSignificance level of difference at 12 months follow-up.

cHbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.

dPCD: Perceived Competence in Diabetes Scale.

eRange for PCD and HCCQ is 5-35 and the range for PAID is 0-100.

fPAID: Problem Areas in Diabetes.

gHCCQ: Health Care Climate Questionnaire.