Table 4. Infection control guidelines for reducing transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in health facilities.

Facility-level measures •   Redesign the use of available spaces, renovate existing facilities, or construct new facilities •   Conduct on-site surveillance of TB in health workers •   Discuss TB transmission with health workers, patients, and visitors •   Monitor the package of TB infection control measures

Administrative measures •   Promptly identify people with TB symptoms, separate potentially infectious and confirmed infectious patients from others, institute cough etiquette and respiratory hygiene, and minimize time spent in health-care facilities •   Provide prevention and care interventions for health workers, including HIV prevention, antiretroviral therapy, and isoniazid preventive therapy for HIV-positive health workers

Environmental protection •   Ensure good natural ventilation (open windows and doors, enlarged or additional windows, and open skylights for cross-ventilation) •   Use ultraviolet germicidal irradiation fixtures (if applicable and affordable, especially in cold climates when windows and skylights remain shut)

Personal protection •   Use particulate respirators especially for managing drug-resistant TB

TB, tuberculosis. Adapted from reference 36.