Table 2.

Studies evaluating use (feasibility, reliability, or validity) of quality measures applicable to OUD.

Article	Measure	Setting	Primary outcome	Results	Specific to OUD?
Garnick, Lee, Chalk, et al., 2002	HEDIS initiation and engagement	Administrative data among commercial MCOs	Feasibility among adult enrollees	Use of measures is feasible, meaningful, and informative. Initiation rates ranged from 26%–46%; Engagement rates were more consistent with a range of 14% to 29%	No
Harris, Reeder, Ellerbe, & Bowe, 2011	HEDIS initiation and engagement	VHA	Validity of measure to correctly identify SUD treatment services through diagnosis and procedure codes	Concordance with chart review in specialty settings was high (range 92% to 98%). Concordance with chart review in non-specialty settings varied from 46% to 63%).	No
Garnick, Lee, Horgan, et al., 2011	HEDIS initiation and engagement	Case studies of five states	Feasibility and implementation	Measures can be satisfactorily implemented but with mixed implications for other states. Measures reflect necessary but insufficient steps for full recovery.	No
Kim, Saitz, Cheng, et al., 2011	HEDIS initiation and engagement	RCT in primary care settings	Feasibility of initiation and engagement criteria under a chronic medical disorder model	Feasible in primary care with initiation and engagement rates of 45% and 23%	No
Thomas, Garnick, Horgan, et al., 2013	HEDIS initiation and engagement	National data from private health plans, VHA, and Medicaid	Feasibility of expanded measure specifications to include receipt of MAT as a qualifying service	MAT as a qualifying AOD service is feasible across systems but varies widely depending on measure specification	Yes
Harris et al., 2015	HEDIS initiation and engagement	VHA	Specification validity	High concordance for residential and outpatient AOD programs (90% and 96%). Concordance in non-addiction settings ranged from 59% to 93%.	No
Mattke, Predmore, Sloss, Wilks, & Watkins, 2017	HEDIS initiation and engagement	Commercial health plan claims	Feasibility of expanded measure specifications to include receipt of MAT as a qualifying AOD service	Including MAT was feasible and increased initiation rates by 2.4% (from 38.9% to 39.8%) and engagement rates by 9.9% (from 12.9% to 14%)	Yes

VHA = Veterans Health Administration; MAT = Medication assisted treatment; RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial; AOD = Alcohol or other drug.