RpoN contributes to vpsL expression in the absence of NtrC and HapR. Shown are expression levels of PvpsL-luxCADBE (pFY_0950) in the WT, ΔhapR, ΔrpoN ΔhapR, ΔntrC ΔhapR, and ΔntrC ΔhapR ΔrpoN strains. The graph represents the averages and standard deviations of RLU obtained from four technical replicates from at least three independent biological samples. RLU are reported in luminescence counts per minute per milliliter per OD600. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple-comparison test was used to compare expression levels between the WT and deletion mutants. ****, P < 0.0001; NS, not significant.