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Metformin inhibiting TGF-β1-induced EMT in NRK-52E cells. (a–c) The mRNA expressions of E-cadherin, α-SMA, and FN. (d–g) The protein expressions of E-cadherin, α-SMA, and FN. Values are shown as mean ± SD. n = 3 for each group. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 versus control group. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, and ###p < 0.001 versus TGF-β group.
