Table 1.

Chemical constituents with Nrf2-inducing activity.

Structural type	No	Name of compounds	Nrf2-inducing activity	Cell or animal models	Ref
Diterpenoid quinones	1	Tanshindiol B	6.80-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
			4.85 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activity	Hepa 1c1c7 cells	[39]
	2	17-Hydroxycryptotanshinone	3.97-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
	3	Isotanshinone IIA	6.45-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
	4	Trijuganone A	4.31-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
	5	Tanshinone IIB	5.34-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
			4.85 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activity	Hepa 1c1c7 cells	[39]
	6	Przewaquinone A	6.01-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
	7	Przewaquinone B	7.27-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
	8	1-Ketoisocryptotanshinone	5.65-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
	9	15,16-Dihydrotanshinone I	3.38-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
			4.80 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activity	Hepa 1c1c7 cells	[39]
			Induction of ARE luciferase and upregulation of Nrf2 protein level	MDA-MB-231 cells	[40]
			Induction of Nrf2, NQO1, and γ-GCS protein levels	Human dermal fibroblasts.	[41]
	10	1,2,15,16-Tetrahydrotanshinone I	4.37-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
	11	Cryptotanshinone	3.61-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
			5.07 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activity	Hepa 1c1c7 cells	[39]
			Induction of ARE luciferase and upregulation of Nrf2 protein level	MDA-MB-231 cells	[40]
			Induction of ARE-luciferase activity	Hep G2 cells	[26]
	12	Tanshinone I	2.60-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
			5.90 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activity	Hepa 1c1c7 cells	[39]
			Induction of ARE luciferase and upregulation of Nrf2 protein level	MDA-MB-231 cells	[40]
			Upregulation of Nrf2, HO-1, GCLC, and GCLM	SH-SY5Y cells	[42, 43]
			Induction of ARE-luciferase activity	Hep G2 cells	[26]
			Induction of Nrf2, NQO1, and γ-GCS protein levels	Human dermal fibroblasts	[41]
	13	RO-090680	3.06-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
	14	Methylenetanshinquinone	2.77-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
	15	1,2-Didehydromilitirone	3.79-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
			1.04 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activity	Hepa 1c1c7 cells	[39]
	16	Tanshinone IIA	2.58-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
			5.10 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activity	Hepa 1c1c7 cells	[39]
			Upregulation of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 protein levels	JB6 cells	[44]
			Induction of ARE luciferase and upregulation of Nrf2 protein level	MDA-MB-231 cells	[40]
			Upregulation of Nrf2, NOQ-1, HO-1, GCLC, and GCLM protein levels	Human aortic smooth muscle cells.	[45]
			Induction of ARE-luciferase activity and upregulation of mRNA levels of GCLC, NQO1, and HO-1	Hepa G2 cells	[26]
			Induction of Nrf2 and upregulation of mRNA and protein levels of HO-1, NQO1, and GCLC	SH-SY5Y cells	[46]
	17	Miltirone	3.32-fold induction of ARE luciferase activity	HEK 293 T cells	[38]
			0.92 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activity	Hepa 1c1c7 cells	[39]
			Enhancement of Nrf2 translocation and upregulation mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1	EA.hy926 cells	[47]
	18	17-Hydroxycryptotanshinone	4.85 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activity	Hepa 1c1c7 cells	[39]
	19	1-Oxomiltirone	0.40 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activity	Hepa 1c1c7 cells	[39]
	20	4-Methylenemiltirone	0.46 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activity	Hepa 1c1c7 cells	[39]
	21	1,2-Dihydrotanshinone I	5.40 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activity	Hepa 1c1c7 cells	[39]
Phenolic acids	22	Danshensu	Upregulation of mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2	Rat heart	[48]
	23	Rosmarinic acid	Upregulation of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein level	Rat cochlea	[49]
	24	Salvianolic acid A	Induction of mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1	RPE cells	[50, 51]
	25	Salvianolic acid B	Induction of Nrf2 and HO-1	Rat lung tissue	[52]
			Induction of Nrf2 protein level	Rat primary neurons	[53]
			Induction of Nrf2, HO-1, and GCLC protein levels	Hepa G2 cells	[54]