Table 1.

Summary of the protective effects of rutin in in vitro models of neurodegeneration.

Toxin used in cellular model	Disorder	Key findings	Reference
Aβ25–35-treated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and Aβ25–35-treated APP695-transfected SH-SY5Y (APPswe) cells	AD	↓ Aβ fibrils, ↓ β-secretase enzyme (BACE), ↓ ROS, ↑ GSH, ↓lipid peroxidation	[153]
Aβ42-treated SH-SY5Y and BV-2 cells	AD	↓ ROS, ↓ NO, ↓ GSSG, ↓ MDA, ↓ iNOS, ↓ MMP, ↑ GSH/GSSG ratio, ↑ SOD, CAT, and GPx, ↓ TNF-α, ↓ IL-1β	[155]
Amylin-treated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells	AD	↑ cell viability, ↓ ROS, ↓ NO, ↓ GSSG, ↓ MDA and ↓ TNF-α and ↓ IL-1β, ↑ GSH/GSSG ratio, ↑ SOD, ↑ CAT, ↑ GPx, ↓ iNOS	[35]
6-OHDA-treated PC-12 cells	PD	↑ cell viability, ↑ 6-OHDA-induced reduction in SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH, ↓ lipid peroxidation	[147]
6-OHDA-treated PC-12 cells	PD	↑ 6-OHDA-induced reduction in SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH. ↓ lipid peroxidation, ↓ MDA	[184]
6-OHDA-treated PC-12 cells	PD	↓ Park2, ↓ UCHL1, ↓ DJ-1, ↓ Casp3, ↓ Casp7, ↑ TH, ↑ NSF, ↑ Opa1	[185]
Prion peptide-treated HT22 cells	PrD	↓ ROS, ↓ NO, ↓ apoptosis, ↓ Fas, ↓ Fas-L	[210]

6-OHDA: 6-hydroxydopamine; CAT: catalase; Fas L: Fas ligand; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSSG: glutathione disulfide; IL-10; interleukin 10; IL-6: interleukin 6; IL-8: interleukin 8; IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; MDA: malondialdehyde; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; NSF: N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor; Opa1: optic atrophy 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TH: tyrosine hydroxylase; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α.