Table 3a.
Comparative data of levels (mean) (mg kg−1) to Pb, Cd and As, from TDS in different countries.
| Food Groups | Australiaa 2008 [47] | UK b2006 [12] | Franceb 2007-2009 [11] | Lebanonc 2008 [28] | Sweden 1999 [29] | Canadab 2007 [33] | Cataloniac 2012* [15] |
Hong-Kong 1ºTDSc [34] | Present study Valencia 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb | |||||||||
| Vo | (0.0017-0.0046) | < 0.006 (LOD) *** | 0.004 | <0.006 *** | 0.0020 | 0.004 *** | 0.0192 | ||
| Mw | (0.0030-0.0031) | 0.004 | <0.0005 | 0.0003 | ND | ||||
| Ab | (0.0062-0.0063) | 0.010 | 0.018 | 0.0050 | 0.0048 | ||||
| nAb | (0.0013-0.0017) | <0.001 (LOQ) | 0.007 | <0.001 ** | 0.00034 | 0.0068 | |||
| Meat | 0.0091 | <0.005 (LOQ)(m. p.);0.065 offal | 0.011 | 0.0030 | 0.004 | 0.0041 | 0.011 | 0.0273 | |
| Cereal | (0.0086-0.0088) | <0.007(LOQ)(ce) | 0.009 (c. p.) | 0.0080 (c.p.) | 0.009(c. p.) | 0.0047 | 0.010(ce); 0.011 (pu); 0.014(pu);0.012 (ib). | 0.0438 | |
| Pd | 0.0321 | 0.008 | 0.0049 | 0.0225 | |||||
| Sc | (0.0203-0.0212) | <0.006(LOD) (swee) | 0.017 (swee);0.014 (cond) | 0.007(swee) | 0.0418 | 0.0958 | |||
| Fv | (0.0064-0.0067) | 0.004 (veg)-<0.002(LOQ)(fr) | 0.009 | 0.01643(veg);0.0010(fr) | <0.003(veg);0.007(fr) | 0.0053 | 0.006(veg); 0.004(fr) | 0.0091 | |
| Eggs | (0.0019-0.0022) | 0.003 | 0.006 | <0.004 | <0.0009 | 0.002 | 0.0042 | ||
| Milk | (0.0023-0.0030) | <0.003(LOD)(d. p.) | 0.007 | <0.002(milk);0.0005(d. p.) | <0.002 | 0.0025 | <0.002(milk); 0.01º(dp) | 0.0109 | |
| Fish | 0.0057 | <0.004(LOQ) | 0.050 | 0.0061 | 0.006 | 0.0036 | 0.028 | 0.0349 | |
| Cd | |||||||||
| Vo | (0.009-0.0123) | <0.005(LOD) (***) | 0.001 | <0.003*** | 0.0131 | <0.002 *** | ND | ||
| Mw | (0.0001-0.0002) | 0.001 | <0.0005 | 0.00002 | ND | ||||
| Ab | (0.0014-0.0015) | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.0002 | ND | ||||
| nAb | (0.0009-0.001) | <0.001(LOD) | 0.002 | <0.0004** | <0.00004 | ND | |||
| Meat | (0.0020-0.0025) | <0.007(LOQ)(m. p.);0.084 offal | 0.007 | 0.0058 | 0.002 | 0.0040 | 0.001 | 0.0281 | |
| Cereal | (0.00152-0.0156) | 0.021(c. p.);0.065 (d.f.) | 0.024 (c. p.) | 0.0151(c. p.) | 0.024 (c. p.) | 0.0302 | 0.015(ce, pu); 0.001(pu); 0.010(ib); | 0.0271 | |
| Pd | 0.0079 | 0.012 | 0.0049 | 0.0246 | |||||
| Sc | (0.0122-0.0137) | <0.006(LOQ) (swee) | 0.021 (swee);0.017 (cond) | 0.007(swee) | 0.0079 | 0.0512 | |||
| Fv | (0.0049-0.0052) | 0.006 (veg)-<0.001(LOD)(fr) | 0.012 | 0.0302(veg);0.0063(fr) | 0.007(veg);<0.001(fr) | 0.0155 | 0.006(veg);0.002 (fr) | 0.0094 | |
| Eggs | (00002-0.0011) | 0.001 | <0.002 | 0.0003 | <0.002 | ND | |||
| Milk | (0.0007-0.0018) | <0.003(LOD)(d. p.) | 0.002 | <0.002(milk);0.0031(d.p.) | <0.001 | 0.0010 | <0.002 | 0.0085 | |
| Fish | 0.0088 | 0.015 | 0.055 | 0.0070 | 0.006 | 0.0032 | 0.050 | 0.0816 | |
| tAs | |||||||||
| Vo | (0.0005-0.0233) | <0.005(LOD) *** | 0.015 | 0.0675 | <0.002*** | ND | |||
| Mw | (0.0002-0.0006) | 0.010 | 0.0004 | ND | |||||
| Ab | (0.008-0.009) | 0.009 | 0.0052 | 0.0035 | |||||
| nAb | (0-0.0025) | <0.001(LOD) | 0.012 | 0.0004 | 0.0023 | ||||
| Meat | (0.019-0.020) | 0.022 chicken | 0.026 | 0.0065 | 0.001 | 0.0233 | |||
| Cereal | (0.0253-0.0354) | <0.018(c. p.) | 0.021(c. p.) | 0.0101 | 0.045(ce); 0.002(pu);<0.002(tu); 0.013(i.b) | 0.0304 | |||
| Pd | 0.0245 | 0.030 | 0.0130 | 0.0300 | |||||
| Sc | (0.0115-0.0216) | <0.009(LOQ) (swee) | 0.035 (swee);0.068(cond) | 0.0255 | 0.0216 | ||||
| Fv | (0.0065-0.011) | 0.004 (veg);<0.001(LOQ)(fr) | 0.013 | 0.0045 | 0.001 | 0.0162 | |||
| Eggs | (0.011 -0.012) | <0.003(LOQ) | 0.015 | 0.0036 | <0.002 | 0.0054 | |||
| Milk | (0.0022-0.0108) | <0.003(LOD)(d. p.) | 0.016 | 0.0060 | <0.002 | 0.0158 | |||
| Fish | 1.800 | 3.990 | 1.920 | 2.285 | 3.2 | 2.167 | |||
| iAs | |||||||||
| Vo | <0.01 | <0.002 | 0.0015 | 0.0040 | |||||
| Mw | 0.0008 | 0.0005 | |||||||
| Ab | 0.0035 | 0.0027 | |||||||
| nAb | <0.01 | 0.0017 | 0.0035 | ||||||
| Meat | <0.01 | <0.002 | 0.0042 | 0.0124 | |||||
| Cereal | <0.01 | 0.007(ce); 0.001(pu); <0.002(tu); 0.011(ib) | 0.0072 | 0.1048 | |||||
| Pd | 0.0073 | 0.0159 | |||||||
| Sc | <0.01 | 0.0032 (swee);0.009 (cond) | 0.0091 | ||||||
| Fv | <0.01 | 0.001 | 0.009(veg);0.0078(fr) | 0.0457 | |||||
| Eggs | <0.01 | <0.002 | 0.034 | 0.0003 | |||||
| Milk | <0.01 | <0.002 | 0.0015 | 0.0003 | |||||
| Fish | (0-0.05) | 0.015 | 0.017 | 0.0015 | 0.1133 | ||||
ND: not detected; f: fish; s: shellfish; c:crustaceans; m: molluscs; veg: vegetables; fr: fruits; m. p.: meat products; c. p.: cereal products; ce: cereals; pu: pulses; tu:tubers; ib:industrial bakery; d. p.: dairy products; d.f.: dried fruits; swee: sweeteners; cond: condiments; ain braquets,own value calculated from the data of the author (LB-UB;); b(UB); c(MB); *median** include soft drinks,light beer and mineral water; *** include animal fats.