Table 1. Core animal-specific gene families that are present in all animals in this study.
Representative gene names and annotations are based on a consensus from each gene family (Materials and methods). Gene families are ordered by pathway/function. *: missing in myxozoans, a lineage of parasitic cnidarians (Chang et al., 2015), ** missing in myxozoans and in glass sponges (Schenkelaars et al., 2017), two animal lineages with derived body plans.
| Gene family ID | Representative gene name(s) | Pathway/Function |
|---|---|---|
| 6201 | A-kinase anchor protein 17B | gene regulation |
| 8693 | interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 | gene regulation |
| 5720 | lethal(2) giant larvae | gene regulation |
| 5290 | mediator subunit | gene regulation |
| 6241 | mediator subunit | gene regulation |
| 7805 | MEX3 B/C | gene regulation |
| 6675 | nuclear factor 1 A/B | gene regulation |
| 3849 | T-box transcription factor TBX 2/3 | gene regulation |
| 6532 | catenin beta | Wnt |
| 4891 | catenin delta | Wnt |
| 6254 | dishevelled 1–3 | Wnt** |
| 3570 | frizzled 1/2/5/7/8 | Wnt* |
| 441 | low-density lipoprotein receptor (LRP) 1/2/4/5/6 | Wnt* |
| 5637 | transcription factor 7 (TCF/LEF) | Wnt |
| 6000 | transcription factor COE 1–4 | Wnt |
| 6831 | fermitin 1–3 | cell-cell adhesion |
| 804 | hemicentin/obscurin/titin | cell-cell adhesion |
| 4442 | integrin alpha 2/5/8 | cell-cell adhesion |
| 7164 | laminin gamma 1–3 | cell-cell adhesion |
| 8024 | vinculin | cell-cell adhesion |
| 4993 | calcium-dependent secretion activator | synapse/vesicle |
| 476 | metabotropic glutamate receptor 1–8 | synapse/vesicle |
| 7929 | receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase-like N | synapse/vesicle |
| 8406 | kinase suppressor of Ras 2 | MAPK/JNK |
| 7174 | MAPK 7 | MAPK/JNK |
| 6010 | MAPK 8–10 | MAPK/JNK |
| 495 | disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) | metalloprotease |
| 4051 | tetraspanin 5/14/17/33 | metalloprotease |
| 2737 | caspase 3/7/9 | apoptosis |
| 5675 | calumenin | calcium ion |
| 6842 | cyclin T 1/2 | cell cycle |
| 621 | dystonin/desmoplakin/plectin | cytoskeleton |
| 7916 | phosphorylase b kinase | glycan |
| 6512 | heparan-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1–3 | heparan sulfate |
| 7146 | inositol monophosphatase 3 | inositol |
| 6163 | protein kinase C iota/zeta | PI3K |
| 6251 | small G protein signaling modulator 1–2 | Rab GTP |
| 6366 | MAP kinase-activating death domain protein 9–11 | TNF |
| 8587 | BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 9 | ubiquitin |