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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc Health. 2018 Mar;62(3 Suppl):S35–S43. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.029

Table 3.

GEE logistic regression assessing the association between involvement in fraternities and sororities (ages 19-24) and SUD symptoms at age 35.1

Males
College attendance and fraternity/sorority involvement (ages 19-24)		 Model 1
Two or More Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms (age 35)
2 AOR (95% CI)		 Model 2
Two or More Cannabis Use Disorder Symptoms (age 35)
2 AOR (95% CI)		 Model 3
Two or More Other Drug Use Disorder Symptoms (age 35)
2 AOR (95% CI)
Active member in frat. (frat. resident) Reference Reference Reference
Active member in frat. (non-resident) .667 (.431, 1.03) .590 (.264, 1.31) 1.54 (.510, 4.66)
Attended college (not in frat.) .627 (.441, .892)** .578 (.301, 1.11) .984 (.357, 2.71)
Never attended college .611 (.408, .916)* .555 (.264, 1.16) 1.34 (.459, 3.93)
3 n = 3,644 3 n = 3,739 3 n = 3,594
Females
College attendance and fraternity/sorority involvement by sex (ages 19-24)		 Model 4
Two or More Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms (age 35)
2 AOR (95% CI)		 Model 5
Two or More Cannabis Use Disorder Symptoms (age 35)
2 AOR (95% CI)		 Model 6
Two or More Other Drug Use Disorder Symptoms (age 35)
2 AOR (95% CI)
Active member in sor. (sor. resident) Reference Reference Reference
Active member in sor. (non-resident) .689 (.412, 1.15) .433 (.116, 1.61) 2.58 (.543, 12.2)
Attended college (not in sor.) .634 (.400, 1.00) .767 (.261, 2.25) 3.85 (.957, 15.4)
Never attended college .539 (.325, .894)* .968 (.303, 3.08) 5.88 (1.38, 25.0)*
3 n = 4,946 3 n = 5,122 3 n = 4,892
*

p<.05

**

p<.01

***

p<.001

AOR = adjusted odds ratio

1

Note that results using GEE logistic regression (i.e., XTGEE) or the regular logit option (i.e., logit) stratifying by an individual time point will produce identical results.

2

Each model (1-6) included age 18 controls for the following: cohort year at baseline,, race/ethnicity (i.e., White, Black, Hispanic, Other), parental education (i.e., at least one parent with a college degree vs. neither parent has a college degree), U.S. Census geographic region (i.e., Northeast, Midwest, South and West), metropolitan statistical area (i.e., large MSA, other MSA, and non-MSA), truancy (i.e., skipped school in past-month versus not), high school grades (i.e., C+ or lower versus B- or higher), and frequency of evenings out with friends (i.e., 3 times or more during a typical week versus 2 times or less), 30-day cigarette use, past two-week binge drinking, past-year marijuana use, past-year illicit drug use other than marijuana, and past-year nonmedical use of prescription drugs.

3

Sample sizes vary due to missing data on the outcome of interest. Note that SUDs are only measured at age 35, and only respondents who completed surveys at age 35 could be included into the analyses. All models use weights to account for attrition at age 35.