Table 2. Time to reach instar 3 after 48-h exposure.
| Time (±SD) to reach instar 3 (days) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | Imidacloprid | Fipronil | Fipronil sulfone | |||
| (μg/L) | S. infuscatum | S. frequens | S. infuscatum | S. frequens | S. infuscatum | S. frequens |
| Control | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 5.0 ± 1.0 |
| n = 24 | n = 24 | n = 24 | n = 24 | n = 24 | n = 24 | |
| 0.01 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 0.8 | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 4.7 ± 0.9 |
| n = 21 | n = 23 | n = 23 | n = 24 | n = 23 | n = 24 | |
| 0.1 | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 5.2 ± 0.4 | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 0.6 | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.7 |
| n = 24 | n = 23 | n = 23 | n = 24 | n = 23 | n = 24 | |
| 1 | 5.0 ± 0.0 | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 0.8 |
| n = 24 | n = 24 | n = 23 | n = 21 | n = 22 | n = 11 | |
| 10 | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 5.6 ± 0.9 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 7.0 ± 1.4 | - | - |
| n = 21 | n = 18 | n = 22 | n = 2 | |||
| 100 | 5.0 ± 0.0 | 5.8 ± 1.0 | - | - | - | - |
| n = 21 | n = 17 | |||||
| 1000 | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | - | - | - | - |
| n = 19 | n = 4 | |||||
"n" indicates the number of individuals. Values for control groups are in italics. The highest concentrations at 100 and 1000 μg/L fipronil and 10, 100 and 1000 μg/L fipronil sulfone could not be tested due to 100% mortality before reaching to instar 3. Bold values are significant difference compared to control.