Figure 1. Facial photographic technique.

Front and profile photos are taken of the subject with a circular calibration marker placed on the face. The facial surface landmarks used to construct the measurements in this analysis are illustrated. Surface landmarks: al = alare, en = endocanthion, ex = exocanthion, gn = gnation, go = gonion, me = menton, n = nasion, sl = sublabiale, sn = subnasion, t = tragion The gonion landmark was marked on the skin surface with a skin-appropriate marker before the photograph to allow visualization.