Table 2.
Demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes according to whether subjects received β-adrenergic agents
| β-Adrenergic treatment (n = 192) | No β-adrenergic treatment (n = 1,453) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and injury characteristics | |||
| Age, years | 40 (24–58) | 37 (23–52) | 0.04 |
| Male | 149 (78) | 1,040 (72) | 0.08 |
| APACHE II | 26 (22–30) | 29 (25–33) | <0.0001 |
| Initial base deficit ≥6, mEq/L | 91 (47) | 551 (37) | 0.01 |
| ≥6 units PRBCs in first 24 h | 60 (31) | 314 (21) | 0.003 |
| Injury severity score | 35 (26–44) | 30 (24–41) | <0.0001 |
| Severe abdominal injury | 63 (32) | 406 (28) | 0.16 |
| Severe thoracic injury | 117 (61) | 860 (59) | 0.64 |
| Severe brain injury | 122 (64) | 862 (59) | 0.26 |
| Severe spinal injury | 78 (41) | 455 (31) | 0.01 |
| Severe extremity injury | 95 (49) | 653 (45) | 0.24 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Ventilator-associated pneumonia | 99 (52) | 458 (32) | <0.0001 |
| Bacteremia | 48 (25) | 213 (15) | <0.0001 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation, days | 14 (7–23) | 7 (4–13) | <0.0001 |
| Ventilator-free days | 1 (0–14) | 20 (11–24) | <0.0001 |
| Duration of ICU stay, days | 15 (8–24) | 9 (5–16) | <0.0001 |
| Duration of hospital stay, days | 22 (11–38) | 20 (13–30) | 0.63 |
| Mortality | 70 (37) | 145 (10) | <0.0001 |
Continuous data are presented as medians (25–75th percentiles) and compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical data are presented as n (%) and compared using the Pearson χ2 test. APACHE II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; severe head/chest/abdominal injury, body region abbreviated injury score ≥3; PRBC, packed red blood cells; ICU, intensive care unit.