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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 11.
Published in final edited form as: Am Econ Rev. 2018 Jun;108(6):1468–1487. doi: 10.1257/aer.20170765

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Peak annual bracero stock and mechanization of the tomato harvest, in the two states with mechanization time series

Note: Left axis, total braceros working in state in the peak month of each year (almost always October). ‘Mechanization’ means that tomatoes were harvested with the Blackwelder tomato harvester, reported by Vandermeer (1986). Vertical dotted lines show the beginning (March 1962) and completion (December 1964) of exclusion. There were 74 and 64 braceros in Ohio in the peak month 1956 and 1957, respectively, zero in all other years.