Table 1.

Teaching methods, previously reported and newly described, with definitions (adapted from Grall et al. emergency medicine teaching methods).

Method	Definition
Methods previously described in the literature
Questioning	Challenges resident using questions; assesses resident’s knowledge with questions
Limited teaching points	Focused teaching on 1–2 key concepts
Bedside teaching	Traditional bedside teaching in the patient’s presence
Problem-oriented learning	Encourages learning from specific patient problems or management issues
Reflective modeling	Uses reflection on own practice to teach; explains own thought processes
Pattern recognition	Requests chief complaint and presumptive diagnosis before hearing case
Priming	Orients and focuses resident just prior to seeing patient
Feedback	Describes specific behaviors that were effective or need improvement
Newly described methods
Advice giving	Gives advice on aspects of patient care
Patient updates	Resident gives update on patient information and attending provides reassurance
Affirmatives	Short affirmatives or nods to let learners know they are on the right track
Information sharing	Attending shares further information they have discovered independently
Role modeling	Demonstrates the role of an emergency physician with learner observing
Mini-lecture	Provides short lectures focused on one topic