. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Microcirculation. 2019 Apr;26(3):e12440. doi: 10.1111/micc.12440

Table 2.

Potential biomarkers of microvascular involvement in SSc

Clinical manifestations	Candidate biomarkers
Nailfold capillary changes	Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (Serum) Endothelin-1 (Plasma) VEGF (Serum)
Digital ulcers, infarcts	Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (Serum) Anti AT1R, Anti-ETAR (Serum) Endothelin -1 (Plasma) Endoglin (Serum)
Pulmonary arterial hypertension	Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (Serum) VEGF (Serum) Endothelin -1 (Plasma) Von Willebrand factor (vWF) (Serum, plasma) Anti AT1R, Anti-ETAR (Serum) CXCL-4 (Plasma)
Scleroderma renal crisis	Anti-RNA polymerase I and III (Serum)