Table 2.
Univariate risk factor analysis of Candida auris infection cases vs. controls
| Parameter | Cases (n = 15) | Controls (n = 30) | P | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68.0 ± 11.9 | 68.6 ± 15.6 | 0.71 | |
| Hospital length of stay prior to infection | 40.4 ± 33.4 | 26.9 ± 22.0 | 0.11 | |
| ICU length of stay prior to infection | 31.9 ± 28.5 | 24.1 ± 21.1 | 0.22 | |
| APACHEII score on ICU admission | 15.9 ± 6.2 | 14.9 ± 6.8 | 0.538 | |
| Male | 8 (53) | 22 (73) | 0.18 | 0.42 (0.11–1.52) |
| prognosis | 6 (40) | 4 (13) | 0.04 | 4.33 (0.99–18.94) |
| Heart dysfunction | 3 (20) | 6 (20) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.21–4.71) |
| pulmonary embolism | 0 (0) | 3 (10) | 0.21 | 0.90 (0.80–1.01) |
| pneumonia | 10 (67) | 23 (77) | 0.48 | 0.61 (0.16–2.39) |
| Lung dysfunction | 9 (60) | 15 (50) | 0.53 | 1.50 (0.43–5.27) |
| Malignancy | 3 (20) | 6 (20) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.21–4.71) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (47) | 8 (27) | 0.18 | 2.41 (0.66–8.81) |
| Chronic renal failure/hemodialysis | 2 (13) | 5 (17) | 0.77 | 0.77 (0.13–4.52) |
| Liver dysfunction | 4 (27) | 2 (7) | 0.06 | 5.09 (0.81–31.9) |
| Thyroid | 3 (20) | 0 (0) | 0.01 | 1.25 (0.97–1.61) |
| Abdominal | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.15 | 1.07 (0.94–1.23) |
| Rheumatic diseases | 1 (7) | 1 (3) | 0.61 | 2.07 (0.12–35.61) |
| central nervous system | 10 (67) | 19 (63) | 0.83 | 1.16 (0.31–4.27) |
| Prior surgery | 5 (33) | 4 (13) | 0.11 | 3.25 (0.72–14.62) |
| Trauma | 0 (0) | 2 (7) | 0.31 | 0.93 (0.85–1.03) |
| Previous hospitalization | 4 (27) | 2 (7) | 0.06 | 5.09 (0.81–31.9) |
| Abdominal drainage | 3 (20) | 1 (3) | 0.06 | 7.25 (0.68–76.87) |
| Diarrhea | 7 (47) | 2 (7) | 0.00 | 12.25 (2.11–70.99) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 14 (93) | 24 (80) | 0.25 | 3.5 (0.38–32.14) |
| Central venous line | 8 (53) | 14 (47) | 0.67 | 1.31 (0.38–4.52) |
| Arterial line | 7 (47) | 10 (33) | 0.38 | 1.75 (0.49–6.21) |
| Urinary catheter (Foley) | 15 (100) | 27 (90) | 0.21 | 0.9 (0.8–1.01) |
| Trachea intubation | 10 (67) | 17 (57) | 0.52 | 1.53 (0.42–5.58) |
| Tracheostomy | 7 (47) | 7 (23) | 0.11 | 2.88 (0.77–10.77) |
| Gastrostomy | 15 (100) | 28 (93) | 0.31 | 0.93 (0.85–1.03) |
| Colostomy | 2 (13) | 2 (7) | 0.46 | 2.15 (0.27–17.03) |
| Parenteral feeding | 6 (40) | 16 (53) | 0.40 | 0.58 (0.17–2.05) |
| Bladder irrigation | 0 (0) | 2 (7) | 0.31 | 0.93 (0.85–1.03) |
| Gastrointestinal decompression | 6 (40) | 1 (3) | 0.00 | 19.33 (2.05–182.55) |
| Steroid treatment | 5 (33) | 11 (37) | 0.83 | 0.86 (0.28–3.19) |
| Antineoplastic chemotherapy | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.15 | 1.07 (0.94–1.23) |
| Candida albicans | 5 (33) | 2 (7) | 0.02 | 7.00 (1.17–42.00) |
| Candida krusei | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.15 | 1.07 (0.94–1.23) |
| Candida tropicalis | 4 (27) | 3 (10) | 0.15 | 3.27 (0.63–17.09) |
| Candida glabrate | 4 (27) | 3 (10) | 0.15 | 3.27 (0.63–17.09) |
| Other candida | 9 (60) | 7 (23) | 0.02 | 4.93 (1.30–18.73) |
| Fluconazole | 6 (40) | 8 (27) | 0.36 | 1.83 (0.49–6.81) |
| Voriconazole | 2 (13) | 0 (0) | 0.04 | 1.15 (0.95–1.41) |
| Caspofungin | 2 (13) | 3 (10) | 0.74 | 1.39 (0.21–9.33) |
| Micafungin | 3 (20) | 2 (7) | 0.18 | 3.50 (0.52–23.70) |
| Antipseudomonal penicillins | 7 (47) | 8 (27) | 0.18 | 2.41 (0.66–8.81) |
| Second-generation cephalosporins | 1 (7) | 5 (17) | 0.35 | 0.36 (0.04–3.37) |
| Third-generation cephalosporins | 12 (80) | 21 (70) | 0.48 | 1.71 (0.39–7.58) |
| Fluoroquinolones | 7 (47) | 16 (63) | 0.67 | 0.77 (0.22–2.65) |
| Linezolid | 3 (20) | 3 (10) | 0.35 | 2.25 (0.40–12.80) |
| Glycopeptides | 4 (27) | 5 (17) | 0.43 | 1.82 (0.41–8.10) |
| Carbapenems | 12 (80) | 24 (80) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.21–4.71) |
| Tetracyclines | 7 (47) | 1 (3) | 0.00 | 25.38 (2.71–237.6) |