Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Jul 11;8:10465. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28820-0

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Clustering of languages across the morphospace. k-means clustering using all principal components reveals a consistent structure in the morphospace. Five cluster are shown here. Real languages fall within cluster I, close to the one-to-one mapping proper of animal communication systems. The real matrices are marked: Adj for the adjectives, Adv for the adverbs, Noun for the nouns, and Verb for the verb. If certain grammatical words are included (named with an apostrophe: Noun’ for nouns and Verb’ for verbs) they move into cluster II and towards the center of the morphospace, relatively close to the Pareto front. (b) All clusters get further segregated in two principal component space. This space appears interrupted by a stripe along which no codes exist.