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. 2018 Jul 5;9:1513. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01513

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Copyright © 2018 Wang, Liu, Till, Sun, Li and Gao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Immunohistochemical analysis in Patient 1 shows no membranous expression of programmed cell death-1 or PD-L1 in the tumor cells and the small background cells surrounding the malignant tumor cells. CD3⁺ cells are observed among the tumor cells. (B) Immunohistochemical analysis of a pretreatment tumor in Patient 2 shows focal membranous expression of PD-L1 in the tumor cells, with additional expression seen on the small background cells surrounding the malignant tumor cells. Abundant CD3⁺ cells are identiﬁed among the tumor cells (magniﬁcation: left panel, 10×; right panel, 40×).