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. 2018 Jul 5;9:824. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00824

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Copyright © 2018 Martino, Perestrelo, Vinarský, Pagliari and Forte.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of cellular mechanotransduction layers. Extracellular physical stimuli are perceived by FAs at the cell-ECM interface; the signals are propagate by the cytoskeleton and transferred to the nucleus where mechanosensitive genes are activated by mechanoactuators (MA). MA can be shuttling mechanotransducers or mechanosensitive transcription factors. Adapted from Nardone et al. (2017). ACTN, actinin; CFL, cofilin; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; INM, inner nuclear membrane; IT, integrin; LIMK, LIM kinase; mDia, Diaphanous-related formin-1; MyoII, myosin II; NPC, nuclear pore complex; ONM, outer nuclear membrane; PAX, paxillin; PS, perinuclear space; ROCK, Rho-associated protein kinase; TLN, talin; VASP, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein; ZYX, zyxin.