Table 2.
Carbon based nanomaterials tested in ischemic stroke models.
| Carbon nanomaterial | Functionalized derivative | Stroke model | Main findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single walled-carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) | Amine-modified SWCNT | Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) | Pretreatment with a-SWCNT (lateral ventricle injection) protected animals following ischemia/reperfusion | Lee et al., 2011 |
| Multi walled-carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) | Hydrophobic MWCNT impregnated with subventricular zone neural progenitor cells (SVZ NPCs) | Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) | HP CNT-SVZ NPC transplants (microinjection into striatum post ischemia) improved rat behavior and reduced infarct cyst volume and infarct cyst area | Moon et al., 2012 |
| Fullerene | Hexasulfobutylated C60 (FC4S) | Unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion | Intravenous administration of FC4S reduced the total volume of infarction in both pretreatment (15 min before MCAO) and treatment (injected when the common carotid arteries clips were removed) groups | Huang et al., 2001 |
| Fullerene | Carboxyfullerene | Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) | Intracerebroventricular infusion of carboxyfullerene attenuated oxidative injuries and cortical infarction. No protection of cortical infarction was observed after intravenous administration of carboxyfullerene. Undesired effects need to be considered | Lin et al., 2002 |
| Fullerene | Polyhydroxylated fullerene | Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) | Administration of fullerene nanoparticles before and after MCAO significantly decreased the infarct volume and inhibited brain oxidative/nitrosative damage. | Vani et al., 2016 |
| Fullerene | Fullerenols (OH-F) and glucosamine fullerenes (GlcN-F) | Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) | Intravenous injection of OH-F and GlcN-F prevented neuronal loss in the perilesional area and lead to a reduction in inflammation after stroke | Fluri et al., 2015 |