Table 2.
Cardiovascular risk factors of participants with and without symptoms of depression.
| Variable | Depresseda N = 56 (30,4% males) Crude mean (SD) |
Nondepresseda N = 574–588 (48.8% males) Crude mean (SD) |
Mean difference in risk factor by depression statusa |
Gender specific mean difference in risk factor by depression statusa |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All N = 628–644 |
Women N = 328–340 |
Men N = 293–304 |
||||
| Mean difference (95%CI) | p-Value | Mean difference (95%CI) | ||||
| Age, years | 24.2 (3.1) | 24.3 (3.0) | Age and gender adjusted | Age adjusted differences | ||
| BMI, points | 25.2⁎ (5.2) | 24.1⁎ (3.8) | 1.3⁎ (0.2–2.4) | 0.02 | 1.7⁎ (0.3–3.1) | 0.3 (−1.5–2.1) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 81.7 (13.0) | 80.7 (10.6) | 2.5 (−0.4–5.3) | 0.09 | 4.8⁎ (1.5–8.0) | −2.4 (−7.7–2.8) |
| Systolic blood pressure, (mm Hg) | 115.6 (11.5) | 114.7 (10.4) | 2.7⁎ (0.1–5.2) | 0.04 | 1.6 (−1.3–3.8) | 4.8⁎ (0.01–9.6) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, (mm Hg) | 71.3 (7.9) | 69.4 (7.9) | 2.2⁎ (0.05–4.4) | 0.04 | 1.3 (−1.3–3.8) | 4.0⁎ (0.03–7.9) |
| Glucose, (mmol/l) Glucoselog (%) |
5.3⁎ (1.6) | 5.0⁎ (0.5) | 0.3⁎ (0.1–0.5) 0.04⁎ (0.01–0.07) |
0.001 | 0.4⁎ (0.2–0.7) 5.8⁎ (2.1–9.3) |
0.003 (−0.2–0.2) 0.2 (−4.4–4.7) |
| HOMA-IR (Insulin p μU/ml ∗ glucose mmol/l) / 22.5 HOMAlog (%) |
1.8⁎ (1.5) | 1.4⁎ (1.0) | 0.4⁎ (0.08–0.6) 19⁎ (3.0–34.6) |
0.01 | 0.4⁎ (0.03–0.7) 26.4⁎ (8.3–44.5) |
0.4 (−0.1 to 0–9) 1.7 (−27.9–31.2) |
| Total cholesterol, (mmol/l) | 4.7 (0.9) | 4.6 (0.9) | 0.10 (−0.1–0.3) | 0.8 | 0.18 (−0.1–0.5) | −0.1 (−0.5–0.3) |
| HDL, (mmol/l) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4) | −0.07 (−0.2–0.02) | 0.1 | −0.1 (−0.2–0.01) | −0.01 (−0.2–0.2) |
| LDL, (mmol/l) | 2.8 (0.7) | 2.7 (0.8) | 0.08 (−0.1–0.3) | 0.5 | 0.13 (−0.13–0.4) | −0.1 (−0.4–0.3) |
| Triglycerides, (mmol/l) Triglycerideslog (%) |
1.4⁎ (0.4) | 1.2⁎ (0.6) | 0.2 (0.02–0.35)⁎ 16 (3.8–28.2)⁎ |
0.03 | 0.3⁎ (0.14-0.5) 26 (12.3–39.7) |
−0.1 (−0.4 to 0.2) −5.7 (−28.8 to 17.4) |
| Fitness, (mlO2/min/kg) | 35.2⁎ (9.2) N = 55 |
39.4⁎ (8.5) | −2.9 (−5.2 to −0.6)⁎ | 0.015 | −3.8⁎ (−6.4 to −1.1) | −0.9 (−5.2 to 3.3) |
Varying N is explained by N = 574–577 for blood samples and N = 571 fitness for non-depressed and by N = 55 for fitness for depressed.
a
Mild, moderate or severe depression (MDI ≥ 20).
⁎
significant difference between depressed/nondepressed (p ≤ 0.05).