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Surgical outcomes (x̄±s)
| Group | Establishment time (min) | Surgical time (min) | Phase-I clearance rate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard channel | Superfine/super-mini channel | |||
| Visual puncture channel (n=38) | 4.5±1.5 | 4.52±0.97 | 92±15 | 86.7% (33/38) |
| Conventional puncture channel (n=48) | 6.8±1.8 | 7.76±1.35 | 115±13 | 87.5% (42/48) |
| t (χ2) | t=6.326 | t=2.017 | t=26.640 | χ2=0.008 |
| P | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.928 |
