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. 2018 Jan 17;28(4):1458–1471. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhx357

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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 5. — Iontophoresis of the cAMP analog, 8-Bromo-cAMP (8-Br), enhanced visual responses in V1. (A) An example neuron showing the effects of increasing doses of 8-Br (5–50 nA) on neuronal firing. The highest dose of 8-Br (50 nA, dark purple) significantly enhanced the visual response (control vs. 50 nA, one-way ANOVA, F_1,2075 = 37.64, P < 0.001); this increase was reduced when drug was removed (recovery vs. 50 nA, one-way ANOVA, F_1,1955 = 21.9319, P < 0.001). (B) The same cell as in (A), showing firing dynamics during application of increasing doses of 8-Br. (C) Population analysis (average of 14 neurons) of low doses of 8-Br. Low doses of 8-Br (10–20 nA) produced a small, nonsignificant increase in neuronal firing (control vs. low dose 8-Br, two-tailed paired t-test, tdep(13) = 2.0221, P = 0.069, n = 14). Black, control; gold, low dose of 8-Br. (D) Population analysis (average of 23 neurons) to high doses of 8-Br. Higher doses (30–50 nA) significantly increased neuronal firing (control vs. high dose 8-Br, two-tailed paired t-test, tdep(22) = 5.76, P < 0.001, n = 23); firing significantly decreased following removal of drug (recovery vs high dose 8-Br, two-tailed paired t-test, tdep(22) = 3.232, P < 0.01, n = 23). Black, control; Red, high dose of 8-Br; Blue, recovery. (E) Comparison of 8-Br on the firing of V1 neurons and dlPFC Delay cells. The effects of 8-Br on V1 neurons were opposite from those on dlPFC Delay cells. dlPFC low, low dose 8-Br in dlPFC; V1 low, low dose 8-Br in V1; V1 high, high dose 8-Br in V1. ***P < 0.001, †P = 0.069.