Table 1.

Case reports of septic pulmonary emboli leading to spontaneous pneumothorax (PTX).

Study/year	Age/sex of patient	Drug abuse/HIV/Hep status	Type of endocarditis	Survival	Complications	Pulmonary manifestations	Day when developed PTX
Aguado et al.,1 1990	19/male	Heroin (+), HIV (−), Hep B (−)	MSSA tricuspid valve endocarditis	Yes	Cardio respiratory arrest due to tension PTX	Bilateral PTX, b/l patchy infiltrates with cavitation, b/l pleural effusions	6th Day
Corzo et al.,2 1992 Case 1	23/male	Heroin(+), HIV(+), Hep B(+)	MSSA tricuspid valve endocarditis	Yes	None	Bilateral hydropneumothoraces, small, multiple bilateral patchy infiltrates	15th day
Corzo et al.,2 1992 Case 2	26/male	Heroin(+), HIV(+), Hep B(+)	Staphylococcus epidermidi tricuspid valve endocarditis	Yes	None	Right hydropneumothorax	1st day
Sheu et al.,3 2006	23/male	Heroin(+), Hep C(+), HIV(−)	MSSA tricuspid valve endocarditis	Yes	Acute renal failure, septic shock, tricuspid valve replacement	Left PTX, bilateral nodular infiltrates, thin walled cavities	7th day
Yang et al.,8 2012	78/male	None, source is infected hemodialysis catheter	MRSA tricuspid valve endocarditis	Not known	None	Left PTX, subpleural cavities, multiple nodular infiltrates	3rd day
Swaminath et al.,4 2013	25/male	Positive, not specified	MSSA pulmonic valve endocarditis	Yes	Acute respiratory failure, septic shock, pulmonic valve replacement, coagulopathy	Left sided PTX, multifocal bilateral cavitary infiltrates	1st day