Table 2.

Characteristics of the Included In Vivo Studies.

No.	Study	Animal Model	MGN-3 Dosage	Combined Agent	Duration	Outcomes
1	Jacoby et al (2001)35	Sprague-Dawley derived albino rats	Daily oral dosing of 5 or 50 mg/kg	1 × intraperitoneal (IP) dose of cisplatin or doxorubicin on day 3	11 days	Rats receiving MGN-3 were healthier; gained weight and had a lower incidence of diarrhea and gross intestinal pathology compared with control
2	Endo and Kanbayashi (2003)36	BALB/c female mice	0.1 mL at 10 mg/mL in water or by IP daily 1 wk before cisplatin	Single shot of cisplatin (0.1 mL at the concentration of 15 mg/kg)	28 days	MGN-3 (both orally and IP) showed accelerated protection against severe loss of body weight of mice due to cisplatin. The result was statistically significant
3	Badr El-Din et al (2008)37	Female Swiss albino mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells, bearing solid tumors	MGN-3 dissolved in 0.9% saline given via IP or intratumoral injections at 40 mg/kg body weight (BW) daily for 5 wk	Nil	5 wk	MGN-3 significantly delayed growth in both tumor volume (63.27%) and tumor weight (45.2%) compared with control, through increased apoptosis of EAC cells (1.8-fold), influenced plasma cytokine production, downregulated immune suppressing cytokine IL-10, and increased NK cells activity. No adverse side effects due to MGN-3 treatment were observed
4	Noaman et al (2008)38	Female Swiss albino mice inoculated with EAC cells, bearing solid tumors	MGN-3 dissolved in 0.9% saline given via IP at 25 mg/kg BW, 6 times a week from day 4 or day 11 after inoculation and end at day 25	Nil	25 days	MGN-3 suppressed the growth of tumors; normalized lipid peroxidation level, augmented glutathione contents, and enhanced antioxidant enzymes activity in blood, liver, and tumor tissue. More pronounced effects were observed when treated by MGN-3 as early as day 4
5	Pérez-Martínez et al (2015)34	NOD-scidIL-2Rgnull mice injected intravenously (IV) with NB-1691luc 2 × 105 neuroblastoma cells	100 μg/mL overnight for activation of NK cells	NK cells (fresh or MGN-3 activated). NK cellular IV therapy began 7 days after tumor cells inoculation, twice a week for 4 wk	4 wk	MGN-3 stimulated NK cells inhibited neuroblastoma growth and increased survival compared with control. The results were statistically significant
6	Badr El-Din et al (2016)39	Male Wistar rats	1 dose of 40 mg/kg BW via IP injection every other day a total of 8 mo	Orally administered carcinogenic MNNG (N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) at 200 mg/kg BW daily for 2 weeks	8 mo	MGN-3 significantly lowered incidence of dysplasia and gastric cancer when combined with MNNG; effects observed include suppression of Ki-67 tumor marker, upregulation of apoptotic gastric cancer cells via mitochondrial-dependent pathway, and protection against decrease in lymphocyte levels
7	Badr El-Din et al (2016)40	Female Swiss albino mice inoculated with EAC cells, bearing solid tumors	1 dose of 40 mg/kg BW via IP injection every other day starting from day 8 until day 30	Paclitaxel at a dose of 2 mg/kg BW every other day starting from day 8 until day 30	30 days	MGN-3 plus paclitaxel significantly suppressed tumor volume (88%) compared with paclitaxel only (77%) or MGN-3 only (59%). Inhibition of tumor growth was associated with reduced cancer cell proliferation, increased DNA damage and apoptosis
8	Badr El-Din et al (2016)41–Abstract only	Male albino rats	25 mg/kg BW 5 times/week IP for 2 wk prior to receiving carcinogens and continued for 20 wk	Carcinogenic NDEA (N-nitrosodiethylamine) (200 mg/kg BW) single dose IP, plus promoter CCl4 (3 mL/kg BW) weekly subcutaneously for 6 weeks	20 wk	MGN-3 inhibited hepatocarcinogenesis induced by NDEA and CCI4 via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation; maintained AST, ALT, ALP, and gamma-GT levels close to normal values