The El Tor VSP-1 gene capV is necessary for cGAMP-induced growth arrest and small colony morphology. (A) Growth curves of El Tor V. cholerae WT and capV::Tn, each carrying pDncV, grown in the absence (−) or presence (+) of 100 µM IPTG. (B) Colony morphologies of the classical V. cholerae strain O395 carrying both pDncV and either an empty vector (Left) or one of two unique El Tor genomic cosmids containing VSP-1 (pCCD7, Middle; pCCD13, Right). Strains were grown on solid agar plates in the absence (Top) or presence (Bottom) of 100 µM IPTG. (Scale bars: 1 mm.) (C) Growth curves of El Tor V. cholerae WT and ΔcapV, each carrying pDncV, grown in the absence (−) or presence (+) of 100 µM IPTG. (D) Colony morphologies of El Tor V. cholerae WT and ΔcapV, each carrying pDncV, grown on solid agar plates in the absence (Top) or presence (Bottom) of 100 µM IPTG. (Scale bars: 1 mm.) (E) Growth curves of El Tor V. cholerae ΔcapV mutants carrying a Ptac-inducible plasmid encoding both dncV and either capV (pCapV-DncV) or a catalytically inactive mutant (pCapVmut-DncV), grown in the absence (−) or presence (+) of 100 µM IPTG to induce expression of the polycistronic transcript. Each data point in the growth curves represents the mean ± SD of six biological replicates. Growth curves and colony images are representative of at least three independent experiments.