Fig. 3.

The process of glandular rupture. The process begins with bending a peel (A). From an external view of the flavedo, the unstressed gland in B is stressed to eminent failure in C and to failure in D, which shows the channel leading to the oil reservoir. A zoom box of a crack forming prior to failure is shown in E. Black dashes outline gland extents beneath the flavedo, and the blue dashed lines represent the line normal to externally applied stress.