Fig. 3.

Contribution of the storage effect ($\mathrm{\Delta }I$) and relative nonlinearity ($\mathrm{\Delta }N$) to the growth rate ($h{r}^{-1}$) of each species as an invader ($r_{inv}$) in pairwise competition, where $r_{inv}$ = average fitness differences + $\mathrm{\Delta }I$ + $\mathrm{\Delta }N$. (A) Pairs where coexistence is predicted because $r_{inv}>0$ for both species. In the case of M. koreensis (Mk) and M. reukaufii (Mr), $r_{inv}$ would be negative for M. koreensis without the contribution of $\mathrm{\Delta }N$, and negative for M. reukaufii without the contribution of $\mathrm{\Delta }I$. In the case of S. bombicola (Sb) and M. gruessii (Mg), M. gruessii would still have $r_{inv}>0$ without either mechanism, while persistence of S. bombicola requires one or both mechanisms. (B) Pairs where coexistence is not predicted because one species has $r_{inv}<0$. In all pairs, $\mathrm{\Delta }I$ is weak to nonexistent, while $\mathrm{\Delta }N$ is strongly equalizing (i.e., differences in $r_{inv}>0$ would be much larger without the contribution of $\mathrm{\Delta }N$).