Fig. 1.

Flowchart of study subjects. VE: vitamin E. In total, 55 subjects were randomized in 4 groups being followed for a period of 8 weeks. The synthetic VE group received all-rac-α-tocopherol capsules, the natural VE group received RRR-α-tocopherol capsules, the placebo group received starch capsules. VE supplemented groups and placebo also received dietary guidance for energy-restricted diet. The non-intervention group did not receive any type of intervention during the 8-week period. Eleven subjects dropped out due protocol violation (n = 7), personal reason (n = 2), medication (n = 2). A total of 44 subjects were included in statistical evaluation. Before and after intervention were analyzed miR-9-1 and miR-9-3 methylation levels, anthropometric and biochemical variables (fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1C, insulin, vitamin E)