Table 3.
Unadjusted associations with self-reported unmet need for oral health services, adults aged 50 years and over in China, Ghana, and India, 2007-2010a
| China (N = 1591) Unadjusted Model |
Ghana (N = 425) Unadjusted Model |
India (N = 1307) Unadjusted Model |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (CI) | p-value | OR (CI) | p-value | OR (CI) | p-value | ||
| Household wealth (quintiles) | 1 (Highest) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 2 | 1.15 (0.84–1.58) | 0.377 | 2.24 (1.09–4.63) | 0.029 | 1.21 (0.76–1.92) | 0.427 | |
| 3 | 1.59 (0.97–2.59) | 0.064 | 3.13 (1.24–7.90) | 0.016 | 1.27 (0.76–2.13) | 0.361 | |
| 4 | 1.59 (0.97–2.59) | 0.064 | 3.15 (1.43–6.92) | 0.005 | 1.31 (0.76–2.26) | 0.334 | |
| 5 (Lowest) | 2.85 (1.90–4.27) | p < 0.001 | 2.96 (1.20–7.23) | 0.019 | 1.44 (0.83–2.50) | 0.197 | |
| Education | University | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Secondary | 1.95 (0.79–4.82) | 0.144 | 3.56 (1.05–12.02) | 0.041 | 4.17 (1.20–14.49) | 0.025 | |
| Primary | 2.89 (1.15–7.26) | 0.025 | 2.60 (0.82–8.26) | 0.104 | 4.08 (1.15–14.40) | 0.029 | |
| No school | 6.06 (2.27–16.17) | 0.001 | 6.39 (2.31–17.71) | p < 0.001 | 5.40 (1.53–19.05) | 0.009 | |
| Sex | Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Male | 0.99 (0.77–1.28) | 0.961 | 1.19 (0.71–1.99) | 0.507 | 1.26 (0.87–1.83) | 0.218 | |
| Age (years) | 50–59 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 60–69 | 1.36 (1.04–1.77) | 0.026 | 1.88 (0.97–3.65) | 0.060 | 1.61 (1.10–2.34) | 0.014 | |
| 70–79 | 1.76 (1.21–2.55) | 0.004 | 1.09 (0.58–2.04) | 0.797 | 2.74 (1.85–4.07) | p < 0.001 | |
| 80+ | 3.50 (2.10–5.83) | p < 0.001 | 2.22 (0.87–5.67) | 0.093 | 3.15 (1.61–6.16) | 0.001 | |
| Residence | Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Rural | 2.50 (1.85–3.39) | p < 0.001 | 1.80 (0.99–3.26) | 0.051 | 1.08 (0.58–2.01) | 0.807 | |
| Marital status | Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Divorce | 1.38 (1.08–1.77) | 0.012 | 0.96 (0.59–1.59) | 0.886 | 1.28 (0.95–1.73) | 0.108 | |
| Never married | 1.77 (0.62–5.07) | 0.280 | 0.08 (0.01–0.85) | 0.037 | 7.05 (1.31–38.12) | 0.023 | |
| Work status | Current worker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Non-current | 0.92 (0.69–1.21) | 0.531 | 1.11 (0.62–1.97) | 0.732 | 1.84 (1.29–2.61) | 0.001 | |
| Never worked | 1.98 (1.20–3.29) | 0.009 | n/a | n/a | 1.39 (0.89–2.16) | 0.149 | |
| Self-rated health | Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Moderate | 0.96 (0.75–1.22) | 0.710 | 1.27 (0.67–2.43) | 0.464 | 1.36 (0.75–2.49) | 0.309 | |
| Bad | 1.54 (1.17–2.04) | 0.003 | 1.20 (0.58–2.47) | 0.621 | 1.27 (0.67–2.40) | 0.457 | |
aData source – WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), 2007–2010
[OR (CI)] Unadjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals
Statistical significance set at p < 0.05 (logistic regression)
[n/a] No result due to no observation in the “never worked” group
All significant estimates are bolded