Table 3.

Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) of South African ex-miners who left the industry 2001–2013, relative to the general South African population (N = 306,297)

Characteristic	Actual deaths	Expected deaths	Adjusted SMRa	95% confidence interval
Racial ascription
Asian	20	21	0.97	0.54–1.39
Black	30,918	26,187	1.18	1.17–1.19
Coloured	221	211	1.05	0.91–1.18
White	1935	1195	1.62	1.55–1.69
Gender
Male	32,492	27,016	1.20	1.19–1.22
Female	602	599	1.01	0.93–1.09
Current age (years)
20–24.9	595	332	1.79	1.65–1.93
25–29.9	2443	1771	1.38	1.32–1.43
30–34.9	4338	3245	1.34	1.30–1.38
35–39.9	5276	3602	1.46	1.43–1.50
40–44.9	5504	3732	1.47	1.44–1.51
45–49.9	5378	3977	1.35	1.32–1.39
50–54.9	4310	3766	1.14	1.11–1.18
55–59.9	2761	3126	0.88	0.85–0.92
60–64.9	1676	2422	0.69	0.66–0.73
65–69.9	645	1207	0.53	0.49–0.58
≥ 70	154	430	0.36	0.30–0.41
Total	33,094b	27,614	1.20	1.19–1.21

^aSMRs controlled for calendar year, racial ascription, gender and age

^b3 deaths from the study population excluded as racial ascription “unknown”