Table 2.
Summaries of pooled depression prevalence grouped by screening criteria and thresholds used
| Quality-effects model | Random-effects model | Sensitivity analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pooled prevalence | 95% CI, I2 | Pooled prevalence | 95% CI, I2 | Pooled prevalence | 95% CI, I2 | ||
| All studies | HADS (≥ 7/8) | 38% | 30 to 45%, I2 = 85% | 40% | 47 to 33%, I2 = 85% | 36% | 30 to 42%, I2 = 77% |
| HADS (≥ 11) | 15% | 6 to 25%, I2 = 89% | 17% | 11 to 24%, I2 = 89% | 14% | 12 to 15%, I2 = 0% | |
| SDS | 52% | 29 to 75%, I2 = 96% | 41% | 26 to 58%, I2 = 96% | 36% | 31 to 40%, I2 = 13% | |
| AS | HADS (≥ 7/8) | 38% | 28 to 48%, I2 = 86% | 38% | 28 to 48%, I2 = 86% | 36% | 28 to 45%, I2 = 79% |
| HADS (≥ 11) | 18% | 3 to 36%, I2 = 94% | 18% | 3 to 36%, I2 = 94% | 11% | 8 to 15%, I2 = 0% | |
| SDS | 52% | 28 to 76%, I2 = 96% | 41% | 25 to 58%, I2 = 96% | 35% | 31 to 39%, I2 = 0% | |
| nr-axSpA | HADS (≥ 7/8) | 36% | 27 to 46%, I2 = 71% | 36% | 27 to 46%, I2 = 71% | NA | NA |
Estimates were presented by quality-effects model, random-effects model, and sensitivity analysis excluding the studies by Hakkou et al. and Jiang et al.
HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—depression subscale, SDS Zung self-rating depression scale, AS ankylosing spondylitis, axSpA axial spondyloarthritis, nr-axSpA non-radiographic axSpA, NA not applicable