. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 21.

Published in final edited form as: Analyst. 2018 Jun 20;143(14):3249–3283. doi: 10.1039/c8an00731d

Table 1.

AuNP-based colorimetric detection using interparticle-crosslinking mediated aggregation

Target	Examples	Target of Nucleic Acids	Shape of AuNPs	Functionalization	Linear Range	LOD	Size of AuNPs	Ref
Pathogens	Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC)	Amplified target DNA.	NR	Thiol DNA-probe	20-0.5 pmol	1 pmol	13.7 ± 0.8 nm	[119]
	E,coli O157:H7	NR	Spherical	MEA-AuNPs	2.91×10⁸−16×10⁸ CFU/mL⁻¹	10⁸ CFU/mL⁻¹	13 nm	[120]
	Pseudomonas syringae	Amplified target DNA.	Spherical	Thiol DNA-probe	200-2 ng/μl	15 ng/μL	13 nm	[69]
	Salmonella Typhimurium	Amplified target DNA.	Spherical	Thiol DNA-probe	NR	21.78 ng/μL	20 nm	[108]
	Helicobacter pylori	Amplified target DNA	Spherical	Thiol DNA-probe	NR	10 CFU/mL⁻¹	13 nm	[92]
Viruses	Influenza A	Viral RNA	Spherical	mAb-AuNPs	NR	7.8 HAU	13 nm	[110]
Viruses	Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (TolCNDV)	Amplified DNA target	Spherical	Thiol DNA-probe	NR	7.2 ng	19 nm	[114]
	papillomavirus type 16 and type 18	amplified DNA target	Spherical	Thiol DNAprobe	1.4×10⁰-1.4×10⁻⁵ μM	1.4×10⁻⁴ μM	13 nm	[109]
Cancer	Cancerous Cells	-	Spherical	Ap-AuNPs	0-40000 cell	1000 cell	20, 50 and 100 nm	[63]
	MCF-7	-	Spherical	ssDNA-AuNP probes	10¹-10⁵ cell	10 cell	25 nm	[84]
	Breast Cancer Cells	-	Oval-shape	AuNPs- monoclonal anti-HER2/c-erb-2 antibody AuNPs- RNA aptamer	NR	100 cells/mL	14 nm length and 18 nm width	[121]
Metal Ions	Cd²⁺, Ni^{2 +} and Co^{2 +}	-	Spherical	peptide- AuNPs	0-3 μM Cd²⁺, 0-5 μM Ni²⁺, 0-10 μM Co²⁺	0.05 μM Cd²⁺, 0.03 μM Ni²⁺, 2μM Co²⁺	NR	[122]
Metal Ions	pb²⁺	-	Spherical	GSH-AuNPs	NR	100 nM	5-8 nm	[115]
	Hg²⁺	-	Spherical	Chitosan-AuNPs	9-50 μM	1.35 μM	16 nm	[112]
	Al³⁺	-	Spherical	MMT-AuNPs	1-10 μM	0.53 μM	12 nm	[117]
	Melamin, Hg²⁺		Spherical	Cysteamine-AuNPs (CA-AuNPs)	0.05-3 μM Hg²⁺, 0.08-1.6 μM Melamin	Hg²⁺=30 nM, Melamin=80 nM	13± 2 nm	[123]
	Mg²⁺		Spherical	Tryptophan-AuNPs	0.1-2.0 μmol L⁻¹	0.2 μmol L⁻¹	15 nm	[124]
Enzymes and Protein	Protein kinase activity		Spherical	STV-AuNPs	0.0005-0.05 U μL⁻¹.	0.0005-0.02 U μL⁻¹	13 nm	[81]
Enzymes and Protein	Flt-1 protein	-	Spherical	p-AuNPs	0.2-10 nM	0.2 nM	13± 2nm	[118]
Others	Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A light chain (BoLcA)	-	Spherical	PEG –AuNPs, Eutravidin- AuNPs	NR	5-0.1 nM	20 nm	[88]
	H₂S	-	Spherical	AE-AuNPs	3–10 μM	0.2 μM	13 nm	[125]
	Spermine	-	Spherical	ctDNA-AuNPs assembly	0.1–2 μM	11.6 nM	13 nm	[126]
	Clenbuterol		Spherical	Cysteamine AuNPs	50 nM-1 μM	50 nM	10 nm	[127]