. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 21.

Published in final edited form as: Analyst. 2018 Jun 20;143(14):3249–3283. doi: 10.1039/c8an00731d

Table 3.

AuNP-based colorimetric detection based on unmodified AuNPs

Target	Examples	Target of Nucleic Acids	Shape of AuNPs	Linear Range	LOD	Size of AuNPs	Ref
Bacteria	Acinetobacter baumannii	Amplified ITS regions	Spherical	13–0.406 ng/μl⁻¹	0.8125 ng/μL	13±2 nm	[91]
Bacteria	Mycobacterium, tuberculosis complex	PCR product and genomic DNA	Spherical	14.1–0.44 ng PCR product, 40–10 ng genomic DNA	1 ng for PCR productو 40 ng for genomic DNA	14±2 nm	[153]
Viruses	Maize chlorotic mottle virus	RT-PCR target products	Spherical	2.4 ng/μL-1.875 pg/μL	<30 pg/μL of RNA	13±2 nm	[154]
	Hepatitis C	HCV RNA	Spherical	25–2000 copies	50 copies reaction	15±2 nm	[159]
	Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (GMMV)	RT-PCR target products	Spherical	120-3.375 pg/μL	30 pg/μL	13±2 nm	[160]
Biomarkers	Plasmodium vivax lactate dehydrogenase (PvLDH), Plasmodium falciparum LDH (PfLDH)	-	Spherical	0 pM–1 μM	1.25 pM and 2.94 pM	NR	[155]
Biomarkers	Carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA)	-	Spherical	0-120 ng mL^_1	3 ng/mL	13 nm,	[146]
Proteins and Enzymes	VEGF protein	-	Spherical	NR	185 pM	-	[161]
	α-fetoprotein (AFP)	-	Spherical	50-1000 pg/mL	33.45 pg/mL	13 nm	[162]
	Tryptophan	-	Spherical	0.2-10 μM	0.1μM	13 nm	[163]
	Thrombin	-	Spherical	1 pM-5 μM	1 pM	15 nm	[151]
	Protein kinase	-	Spherical	0-1 U/μL	0.232 mU/μL	13 nm	[164]
	Caspase-3-activity	-	Spherical	0- 0.3 μg mL^_1	0.01 and 0.005μg/mL	13±1 nm	[152]
	α-Glucosidase activity and α-Glucosidase inhibitor	-	Spherical	0.0025-0.05 U mL⁻¹	0.001 U/mL	13nm	[165]
	hepatomaupregulated protein RNA	-	Spherical	NR	2.4 nmol/L	15nm	[166]
Drugs	Ramoplanin	-	Spherical	0.30-1.30 ppm	0.01 ppm	13nm and 23nm	[158]
	Methomphetamin	-	Spherical	2-10 μM	0.82μM	13 nm	[156]
	Steptomycin	-	Spherical	0-4000 nM	73.1 nM	15 nm	[157]
Metals Ions	Hg²⁺		Spherical	NR	30 nM	13 nm	[167]
	Cd²⁺	-	Spherical	0-50 μM	5 μM	∼13 nm	[168]
	Cu²⁺	-	Spherical	0.05-1.8 μmol.L⁻¹	30 nmol.L⁻¹	∼13 NM	[169]
	Melamine	-	Spherical	1 mg/L-8×10⁻² g/L	0.4 mg/L	13±1 nm	[170]
	Cu²⁺	-	Spherical	0.5-10 μM	250 nM	13nm	[171]
	Hg²⁺	-	Spherical	50-300 nM	15 nM	13 nm	[172]
	Hg²	-	Spherical	0.5-10 nM	0.26 nM	15 nm	[173]
Others	Sulfide	-	Spherical	0-10 μM	80 nM	8.1± 1.1 nm	[174]
	Thiocyanate	-	Spherical	0-2 μM	1 μM	13 nm	[175]
	Hypochlorite	-	Spherical	NR	1.5μM	13 nm	[176]
	Urea	-	NR	20-150 mM	20 mM	NR	[177]
	17β-estradiol	-	-	1-10⁵ ng/mL	0.1 ng/mL	13 nm	[178]
	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)	-	Spherical	50-1000 nM	<50 nM	13 nm	[179]
	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)	-	Spherical	0-5 μM	0.1 μM	14 nm	[180]
	Pork Adulteration	Genomic DNA	Spherical	NR	6 μg/mL	20 nm	[181]