Table 4.
The risk of gastrointestinal cancer among aspirin and non-selective non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) users, stratified by additional use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or statins compared with the total Swedish background population, expressed as standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% CIs.
| Aspirin users (n=783 870) | Aspirin with PPI (n=200 828) | Aspirin with statins (n=432 996) | ||||
| Number of cases | SIRs (95% CI) | Number of cases | SIRs (95% CI) | Number of cases | SIRs (95% CI) | |
| All gastrointestinal cancer | 10 969 | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | 3617 | 1.25 (1.21 to 2.29) | 6210 | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.01) |
| Oesophageal cancer | 539 | 1.10 (1.01 to 1.19) | 247 | 1.94 (1.71 to 2.20) | 299 | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.09) |
| Gastric cancer | 1079 | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.14) | 509 | 1.89 (1.73 to 2.06) | 619 | 1.05 (0.98 to 1.13) |
| Small bowel cancer | 253 | 1.05 (0.93 to 1.19) | 107 | 1.67 (1.37 to 2.01) | 139 | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.14) |
| Colorectal cancer | 6919 | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.03) | 2004 | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.12) | 3893 | 0.97 (0.94 to 1.00) |
| Liver cancer | 645 | 1.11 (1.03 to 1.20) | 231 | 1.52 (1.33 to 1.73) | 351 | 0.99 (0.89 to 1.10) |
| Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer | 385 | 0.92 (0.83 to 1.01) | 117 | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.19) | 212 | 0.90 (0.78 to 1.03) |
| Pancreatic cancer | 1114 | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.11) | 391 | 1.36 (1.23 to 1.50) | 678 | 1.07 (0.99 to 2.15) |
| Non-aspirin NSAIDs users (n=567 569) | Non-selective non-aspirin with PPI (n=148 586) | Non-selective non-aspirin with statins (n=77 514) | ||||
| Number of cases | SIRs (95% CI) | Number of cases | SIRs (95% CI) | Number of cases | SIRs (95% CI) | |
| All gastrointestinal cancer | 3428 | 0.79 (0.77 to 0.82) | 1360 | 1.08 (1.02 to 1.13) | 625 | 0.71 (0.65 to 0.76) |
| Oesophageal cancer | 134 | 0.75 (0.63 to 0.89) | 67 | 1.36 (1.05 to 1.73) | 24 | 0.64 (0.41 to 0.95) |
| Gastric cancer | 260 | 0.70 (0.62 to 0.80) | 156 | 1.47 (1.25 to 1.72) | 44 | 0.58 (0.42 to 0.78) |
| Small bowel cancer | 94 | 0.84 (0.68 to 1.02) | 45 | 1.39 (1.02 to 1.87) | 14 | 0.64 (0.35 to 1.07) |
| Colorectal cancer | 2017 | 0.74 (0.71 to 0.77) | 694 | 0.86 (0.80 to 0.93) | 380 | 0.68 (0.61 to 0.75) |
| Liver cancer | 232 | 0.96 (0.84 to 1.09) | 102 | 1.51 (1.23 to 1.83) | 38 | 0.78 (0.55 to 1.07) |
| Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer | 190 | 1.03 (0.89 to 1.19) | 68 | 1.21 (0.94 to 1.53) | 29 | 0.76 (0.51 to 1.10) |
| Pancreatic cancer | 490 | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.10) | 222 | 1.55 (1.35 to 1.76) | 93 | 0.92 (0.75 to 1.13) |