Table 2.

The iLead scale and internal consistency of subscales

Scales and constituent items	α	Item no
1. Active implementation leadership	0.95
1a. Exemplary behaviours  My closest manager…	0.92
…has shown determination to maintain the new working method		1
…has talked about his/her values and beliefs of why it is important to work according to the new working method		2
…has actively worked towards implementing the new working method		3
…has continuously encouraged us in the implementation of the new working method		4
…has behaved in a way that explicitly displays commitment to working according to the new working method		5
…has been positive towards the implementation of the new working method		6
1b. Individualised consideration  My closest manager…	0.80
…has spent time showing me how I can work according to the new working method		7
…has given me the opportunity to speak to him/her about what consequences the implementation of the new working method will have for me		8
1c. Intellectual stimulation  My closest manager…	0.83
…has done a lot to involve us in the implementation of the new working method		9
…has encouraged me to express my ideas and opinions about implementing the new working method		10
…has shared whatever information he/she has about the implementation of the new working method		11
1d. Contingent reward  My closest manager…	0.85
…has shown satisfaction when I work according to the new working method		12
…has shown appreciation when we have achieved our goals to implement the new working method at our workplace		13
2. Passive implementation leadership	0.91
My closest manager…
…has avoided to intervene until major problems with the implementation of the new working method have arisen		14
…has waited for things to go wrong with the implementation of the new working method before taking any action		15
…has avoided making decisions that affect the implementation of the new working method		16

n=324–336, due to missing data on some items (pairwise deletion).