Table 2.

The results of univariate and multivariate-adjusted analyses for associated factors with continued smoking after type 2 diabetes diagnosis

	Continued smoking
	N (%)	Univariate	Multivariate
		OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Sociodemographics
Age (years)
40–64	4869 (81.0%)	1.00	1.00
65–80	1141 (19.0%)	0.66*(0.59 to 0.74)	0.71*(0.64 to 0.80)
Income status
High	3208 (53.4%)	1.00	1.00
Low	2802 (46.6%)	1.24*(1.13 to 1.36)	1.30*(1.19 to 1.43)
Disability
No	5966 (99.3%)	1.00
Yes	44 (0.7%)	0.64 (0.40 to 1.02)
Health status
Diabetes duration (years)
<1	2910 (48.4%)	1.00	1.00
1–2	2421 (40.3%)	0.86*(0.78 to 0.95)	0.88*(0.80 to 0.98)
≥3	679 (11.3%)	0.63*(0.55 to 0.73)	0.63*(0.55 to 0.73)
BMI (kg/m2)
<25	3416 (56.9%)	1.00
≥25	2592 (43.1%)	1.04 (0.95 to 1.14)
Cholesterol level (mg/dL)
<200	3001 (50.0%)	1.00
≥200	3003 (50.0%)	0.99 (0.90 to 1.08)
Blood pressure (mm Hg)
<140/90	4814 (80.1%)	1.00
≥140/90	1196 (19.9%)	1.03 (0.92 to 1.15)
Health behaviour
Smoking (cigarettes/day)
Light (1–9)	953 (15.9%)	1.00	1.00
Moderate (10–19)	2901 (48.3%)	1.61*(1.43 to 1.81)	1.52*(1.35 to 1.72)
Heavy (≥20)	2156 (35.9%)	2.07*(1.82 to 2.35)	1.89*(1.66 to 2.16)
Alcohol drinking
Non-drinker	1526 (25.4%)	1.00
Drinker	4470 (74.6%)	1.09 (0.98 to 1.21)
Physical activity
Yes	3493 (58.2%)	1.00
No	2505 (41.8%)	0.98 (0.90 to 1.08)
History of disease
CCI (%)
0	3214 (53.5%)	1.00	1.00
≥1	2796 (46.5%)	0.85*(0.77 to 0.93)	0.88*(0.80 to 0.96)
Heart disease
No	5896 (98.1%)	1.00
Yes	114 (1.9%)	0.96 (0.69 to 1.33)
Stroke
No	5973 (99.4%)	1.00
Yes	37 (0.6%)	0.76 (0.45 to 1.29)
Hypertension
No	4714 (78.4%)	1.00	1.00
Yes	1296 (21.6%)	1.16*(1.03 to 1.29)	1.24*(1.10 to 1.40)
Cancer
No	5927 (98.6%)	1.00
Yes	83 (1.4%)	0.97 (0.66 to 1.42)

*P<0.05.

aOR, adjusted OR; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index.