Fig 3. AZM therapy reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Quantitative analyses of pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, production from J774 macrophages subjected to 24 hypoxia followed by 24 and 48 hours of reperfusion. The analysis demonstrates reduction of TNF- α compared to vehicle both at 24 and 48 hours. No significant changes were noted in IL-10 production. Overall, the IL-10/TNF-α ratio was significantly higher in macrophages treated with AZM (Panel B) (two independent experiments and 4 replicates/time point, *P<0.05, ***P<0.001 and **** P<0.0001 compared to vehicle controls). Data presented as mean ± SEM. AZM, azithromycin; IL-10, interleukin 10; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.