Table 1.
Baseline characteristics stratified by tertiles of GLS.
| CHARACTERISTICS | Total | GLS <-13.0% | GLS -8.7 to -13.0% | GLS >-8.7% | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (±SD), years | 59.8 (±15.7) | 56.3 (±16.6) | 60.2 (±14.7) | 62.8 (±15.1) | <0.001 |
| Male % | 65.3 | 66.7 | 62.5 | 66.9 | 0.427 |
| BMI (±SD), kg/m2 | 28.9 (±8.6) | 28.2 (±6.5) | 28.9 (±6.6) | 29.4 (±11.6) | 0.199 |
| Diabetes % | 30.6 | 24.9 | 30.2 | 36.7 | 0.004 |
| Hyperlipidemia % | 54.7 | 50.2 | 54.9 | 58.8 | 0.078 |
| Smoking % | 14.8 | 12.9 | 13.1 | 18.3 | 0.085 |
| Hypertension % | 66.7 | 61.1 | 66.8 | 72.2 | 0.010 |
| History of MI % | 28.9 | 26.1 | 25.4 | 35.1 | 0.010 |
| Ischemic CM % | 49.9 | 43.8 | 43.7 | 62.1 | <0.001 |
| Non-ischemic Dilated CM % | 50.1 | 56.2 | 56.3 | 37.9 | <0.001 |
| Aspirin % | 63.2 | 57.1 | 60.3 | 72.3 | 0.001 |
| Statin % | 55.9 | 53.5 | 56.4 | 57.8 | 0.544 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB % | 66.2 | 57.0 | 70.5 | 70.0 | 0.001 |
| Beta Blocker % | 49.6 | 40.8 | 54.3 | 53.4 | 0.001 |
| Diuretic % | 44.6 | 31.8 | 48.8 | 53.0 | 0.001 |
| Heart Rate (±SD), beats/min | 76.5 (±16.5) | 70.4 (±13.8) | 77.5 (±16.3) | 81.3 (±17.4) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (±SD), mmHg | 123.1(±20.7) | 124.9(±20.8) | 124.7(±20.6) | 119.9(±20.3) | 0.010 |
| Diastolic BP (±SD), mmHg | 72.7(±13.5) | 72.0(±12.9) | 73.7(±13.3) | 72.4(±14.3) | 0.371 |
| LVEDV index (±SD), ml/m2 | 117.9 (±54.6) | 102.3 (±40.6) | 116.7 (±55.9) | 134.5 (±60.3) | <0.001 |
| LVESV index (±SD), ml/m2 | 67.1 (±44.2) | 48.7 (±26.8) | 67.1 (±42.2) | 85.2 (±51.9) | <0.001 |
| LV mass index (±SD), g/m2 | 113.7 (±26.4) | 110.6 (±27.0) | 112.9 (±52.1) | 117.5 (±45.1) | 0.850 |
| LGE present % | 62.1 | 51.7 | 59.5 | 74.9 | <0.001 |
| LGE extent (±SD), % | 8.4 (±10.1) | 6.3 (±8.4) | 7.4 (±9.3) | 11.6 (±11.6) | <0.001 |
| LVEF (±SD), % | 33.7 (±10.0) | 40.3 (±6.8) | 34.0 (±8.6) | 26.8 (±9.3) | <0.001 |
ACE=Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, ARB=Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, BMI=Body Mass Index, CM=Cardiomyopathy, GLS=Global Longitudinal Strain, LGE=Late Gadolinium Enhancement, LVEDV =Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume Index, LVEF=Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, LVESV =Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume Index, MI=Myocardial Infarction, SD=standard deviation.