Table 7.

Effect of Lactobacillus salivarius on intestinal morphology of piglets challenged with Escherichia coli F4

Items	Control	L. salivarius	SEM	p-value
Villous height (VH, μm)
Duodenum	251.13	297.65**	9.169	0.007
Proximal Jejunum	253.85	290.41**	6.871	0.004
Distal Jejunum	258.36	281.82**	4.416	0.004
Ileum	158.01	175.10	6.377	0.199
Crypt depth (CD, μm)
Duodenum	135.85	142.83	5.059	0.509
Proximal Jejunum	123.53	132.16	3.296	0.254
Distal Jejunum	129.83	130.68	3.353	0.904
Ileum	107.55	105.88	4.054	0.849
Villi height:crypt depth ratio (VH:CD ratio)
Duodenum	1.91	2.12*	0.055	0.048
Proximal Jejunum	2.11	2.26	0.046	0.116
Distal Jejunum	2.02	2.25	0.064	0.068
Ileum	1.48	1.75	0.075	0.077

SEM, standard error of the mean.

^{*, **}Means in the same row are significant different (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively).